Neuropathic pain, resulting from nerve damage, is often treated with anticonvulsants, antidepressants, or topical agents like lidocaine. In refractory cases, interventions such as spinal cord stimulation or peripheral nerve stimulation may be considered to modulate pain signals and provide relief.

Arthritis pain can be alleviated through a combination of oral medications, such as NSAIDs and DMARDs, along with intra-articular corticosteroid injections. Viscosupplementation, physical therapy, and, in severe cases, surgical interventions may also be employed to manage symptoms and improve joint function.

Post-surgical pain management typically involves a multimodal approach, including the use of analgesics, local anesthetics, and regional anesthesia techniques like nerve blocks. Opioids may be prescribed for short-term use, with a focus on minimizing dosage and duration to reduce the risk of dependency.

Interventional procedures, such as nerve blocks, radiofrequency ablation, and spinal cord stimulation, play a crucial role in managing chronic pain conditions. These minimally invasive techniques target the source of pain and are often used when conservative treatments are insufficient, providing significant relief and improving the quality of life.

Back pain can be caused by various factors, including muscle strain, herniated discs, spinal stenosis, or degenerative disc disease. Types of back pain include axial pain (localized to the spine), radicular pain (radiating along the nerve pathway), and referred pain (felt in areas other than its source). Treatment typically involves physical therapy, medications, and, in severe cases, surgical intervention.

Arthritis symptoms include joint pain, stiffness, swelling, and decreased range of motion. Osteoarthritis often affects weight-bearing joints, while rheumatoid arthritis can impact multiple joints symmetrically. Treatment may involve anti-inflammatory medications, corticosteroid injections, physical therapy, and in some cases, surgical joint replacement.

Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weakened bones, making them more susceptible to fractures. Pain is often caused by compression fractures in the spine or stress fractures in weight-bearing bones. Treatment includes calcium and vitamin D supplementation, bisphosphonates, and physical therapy to strengthen the bones and prevent further fractures.